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Part II: The Markets

Chapter 9

Consumer Learning and Language Apps

Consumer learning removes the institution. The learner, or a parent, pays directly, usually through a phone. There is no procurement cycle and no accreditor. The product has to win attention against games, video and social media every day, and the business has to convert a small fraction of free users into subscribers who renew. Language learning is the largest and most proven category, and Duolingo is its reference company: in the second quarter of 2026 it reported about 58.7 million daily active users, 140.6 million monthly active users and 12.7 million paid subscribers.

The preview ends here. The full chapter is in the book.

In this chapter

  1. 9.1What changes without an institution
  2. 9.2The freemium funnel
  3. 9.3Organic growth is the moat
  4. 9.4The landmark companies
  5. 9.5The engagement–learning tension
  6. 9.6AI: cheaper content, new costs, new rivals